Control of gas turbines



July 29,1952 E. P. PEREGRINE 2,604,797

CONTROL OF GAS TURBINES Filed Aug. 9, 194 7 5 Shets-Sheet 1 5/5 I A7705s i '29, 19752 E. P. PEREGRINE 2,604,797

CONTROL OF GAS TURBINES Filed Aug. 9, 1947 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jfily 29,19E. P. PEREGRINE CONTROL OF GAS TURBINES 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Aug. 9,1947 J y 1952 E. P. PEIQEGRINE 7 2,604,797

CONTROL OF GAS 'IIURBINES 7 Filed Aug. 9, 1947 '5 Sheets-Sheet 4 E. P.PEREGRINE CONTROL OF ms TURBINES July 29, 1952 5 Sheets-Skeet E;

Filed Aug. 9, 194'? Patented July 29, 1952 CONTROL OF GAS TURBINES EdgarPhillips Peregrine, Tynemouth, England,

assignor to The Parsons and Marine Engineering Turbine Research andDevelopment Association, Wallsend, England Application August 9, 1947,Serial No. 767,69

In Great Britain November 1, 1946 Claims. (Cl. 74-483) This inventionrelates to the control oi gas turbines and has for its object to providesystems of control affording protection against unintentional misuse oraccident.

The present invention consists in control devices for gas turbineshaving features as set out i Figures 12 to '14 are plan views of theindividual interlocking plates.

In carrying the invention into effect according to one form by way ofexample as applied to a ships propulsion plant illustrated in Figure l,mechanical interlocking mechanism illustrated in Figures 2 to 14 isprovided.

In Figure 1 a low pressure air compressor It, a high pressure aircompressor II and a high pressure gas turbine l2 are mounted on a commonshaft [3, an intercooler [4 being provided between the compressors l0and H.

Compressed air from the H. P. compressor II is conveyed by way of a heatexchanger l5 to a high pressure combustion chamber 16 which is connectedto the H. P. turbine l2 and the exhaust from the latter is led by way oftwo reheat combustion chambers l1, l! to a low pressure turbine IS, theshaft IQ of which is connected by way of ahead and astern hydrauliccouplings 20, 2| to a primary pinion 22 meshinglwith a toothed gearwheel 23 coupled to a propeller 24. A by-pass connection 25 is providedto the exhaust'of the L. P. turbine which is led in counter-current flowthrough the heat exchanger 15 to the ship's funnel 26.

Mechanical interlocking control mechanism 21 (Figure 2) incorporatingfour external levers b, c, d, and e and an internal lever a is providedin the engine room.

Thelever a (Figure 3) is connected by bevel gearing 28 to a shaft 29which in turn is connected by gearing 30, 3|, to an engine roomtelegraph 32 and a bridge telegraph 33.

The lever b (Figure 4) is connected by gearing and a shaft 34 to atoothed sector 35 engaging a toothed rack on a valve spindle 36. Thevalve 31 incorporates ports whereby lubricating'oil supplied to 'apipe38 from a pump 2 (not shown) may be admitted by way of a master valve 39alternatively to the ahead coupling 20 or the astern coupling 21.

The lever c is attached to an arm 40 and a cam M, the arm All co-actingwith a pair of plungers 42, 43in a block 44 (Figure 7) and the camco-acting with a plunger 45 in a block 46 (Figure 8).

The lever d is attached to an arm 4'! and a cam 48, the arm 41 co-actingwith similar plungers 42, 43' in a similar block to that shown in Figure7 and the cam co-acting with a similar plunger 45 in a similar block tothat shown in Figure 8.

As regards the block 4 3 (Figures 5 and 7) lubricating oil is admittedto a pipe 49 and passes by way of a pipe 59 directly to an oil inletport 5! in the block.

Oil from the said block 45 is conveyed by way of an outlet port 51 to afuel oil sprayer 54 associated with the H. P. combustion chamber It byway of a pipe 56.

As regards the block 44 (Figures 5 and 7) oil is conveyed to the outletport 5| by way of an orifice plate 53 and passes from the oil outletport 5? to fuel oil Sprayers 55, 55 associated with the reheatcombustion chambers ll, [7 by way of pipes 58, 58.

Oil drain outlet ports areprovided at 62, 62'. One of the pipes 58 leadsalso by way of a valve 63 operated thermostatically from the inlet ductof the L. P. turbine l8 to an overspeed trip device 54 the outlet pipe65 from which leads to a lubricating oil drain tank (not shown). Afurther valve 69 is also thermostatically operated from the inlet ductof the H. P. turbine [2. A pipe 66, pipes 61, 61, pipe 68, and the ports62, 62 also lead to said tank.

As regards the blocks 46, 46' (Figures 5 and 8) the outlets l9, 19, areconnected to the 011 fuel suction line whilst the inlets H, H receivethe fuel oil spilled by the sprayers, 54 and 55, through pipes l2, 13.

As regards the block it (Figures 6 and 9) air is admitted through 15from the H. P. compressor II and passes to the upper or lower sides of apiston 16 through T! or 18 respectively. leak-on openings being providedat 19 to atmosp e a The piston 16 serves to actuate a by-pass valve 89(Figure 6) serving to open or close the passage 25. (Figure 1).

. Switches 59, 59' are provided adjacent to the levers c, d respectivelyfor controlling the circuits, ofelectrically actuated igniters 60, 69'.

Three interlocking sliding plates X, Y, and Z (Figures 10-14) areprovided carried in a frame 6|, the plates X and Z. lying in one-planeand theiplate Y'lying in a parallelplane above the platesXand Z. l z

In Figure 10 the levers a, b, c, d and e are in positions they occupywhen the plant is in shutdown condition. The plate Y is urged to theright and the plate Z is urged to the left in Figure 10 by springs (notshown).

The sequence of operations entailed during starting of the plant,driving the propeller with full output and subsequently shutting downare set out in the table below:

which said levers pass, interlocking means associated with "at least twoof said levers, said interlocking means co-acting directly with one ofsaid levers to lock it in one or other of at least three individualpositions in dependence upon the prevailing position of saidinterlocking means.

4. In a control device for gas turbines in combination four pivotedlevers, three mutually slidable interlocking plates each furnished withSequence of lever movements in starting and stopping engine Position ofLevers Operation or order a b c d Function of Interloeks Engine stoppedand closed down Stop; Stop" Stop Stop (1) Open bypass valve do. do. dodo.

2) Light up H. P. combus- .do do. Idle..- io...

tion chamber and idle.

I (6) Light up reheat chamber .'.do. I I Illa... I and ioad to requiredoutput. On Receipt of. .Stop":

(1) Shbut downreheat chamdo IIr. Illa. Stop (2) Reduce H. P. chamber doIIr. In... do.

output to In. I v (3) Move telegraph to stop Stop.v H In..- do (4) Movefluid to coupling do. Stop In. do.

lever to stop. I (5) Open bypass valve ..do do Indfo do.

l e. To Shut Down Engine:

Shut down-H. B. combustion ...do. do. Stop do chamber, and shut byp'a'ssvalve.

Shut. Plate Y moves to the right of the position shown in Figure 10under the action of spring and locks lever c at AY.

Lever e moving along BY pushes Y to left and trees AY permittingoperation of lever c (position shown in Figure 10).

do. With lever at b at stop both ahead and astern coupplings are partlyenergised so that any power developed by the output turbine is absorbedby the astezfll fcoupling and is not transmitted to propeler s a t.

-.do. Further movement of c is prevented by cam CY being locked by DYand EY Shut.. This frees EY (and FZ which looks lever d against cam GZ).Engine is now developing maximum power with no revolutions on mainshaft.

Lever 11 moving along HX frees I X and permits telegraph to signal aheadmovement. Face DY 18 now freed permitting lever c to operate to positionAstern signals on telegraph are prevented by KX.

Further movement of c is prevented by cam LY being locked by MY.

This frees MY and lever 0 may now be operated to full outpu t. do. ThisIrees NZ which has been looking lever d against cam GZ.

do. Engine is now free to operate at full output.

do. Z moves to left under action of spring. This frees OZ and allowslever c to be closed.

do. Y moves to right under action of spring and trees lever b from Y.

telegraph.

Open Engine is running idle.

Shnt. llate Y moves to right under action of spring and locks lever c atAY.

What is claimed is: 7 I v In a control system for gas turbines in combianoa plurality of levers constrained to pi ot in parallel planescontaining the individual lever sga plurality or mutually slidableinterlocki'ng plates each furnished with apertures through which certainof said levers pass, fixed guides for saidplates and a plurality ofabutment surfaces within said apertures co-acting directly with certainof said levers.

2 a aeomroi system for gas turbines in corna, i a plurality of leversconstrained v to pivot in parallel planes containing the individuallevers, an apertured slidable plate, guides therefor, a paii' -offurther apertured plates carried by said guides and disposed in a commonplane beneath the plane containing the first-mentioned plate, saidplurality of levers passing through the apertures in said plates and aplurality of abutment surfaces in said apertures co-acting directly with.certain of said'levers.

3.. In a control device for gas turbines in combination, a plurality oflevers constrained to pivot in parallelplanes containing the individuallevers, a plurality of mutually slidable interlocking plates eachfurnished with apertures through above table the letters A to P refer tofaces on the plates X, Y, Z, e. g. AY refers to face A on plate Y.

50 apertures through which certain of said levers pass, fixed guides forsaid plates and a plurality of abutment surfaces within said aperturescoacting directly with certain of said levers.

5. A control device as claimed in claim 4 wherein said apertures embodysurfaces inclined to a plane at right angles to the pivot axis of thelevers whereby manual movement of the levers effects lateral movement ofthe said plates.

EDGAR PHILLIPS PEREGRINE.

REFERENCES orrnn The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent: V

UNITED STATES PATENTS

